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People In Music History
Schumann, Robert [Alexander] (1810-1856) German composer, also pianist,
conductor, and noted as critic with wide sympathies. Married Clara Wieck (See
Schumann, Clara), 1840. Developed mental instability, in 1854 throwing himself
into the Rhine; afterward was in a mental asylum, where he died. His work shows
Romantic outlook and literary associations: compare the fanciful titles (some
given after composition, however) of various piano works, e.g., Abegg
Variations, Carnival, Carnival Jest from Vienna, Kreisleriana, Papillons,
Scenes of Childhood. Other works include many songs (some in cycles, e.g.,
Poet's Love, Woman's Love and Life); 3 string quartets, piano concerto, cello
concerto, violin concerto (not heard until 1937, being suppressed by Clara
Schumann and Joachim as unworthy); 4 symphonies (no. 1 Spring Symphony, no. 3
Rhenish; no. 4 originally written directly after no. 1, later rescored);
cantata Paradise and the Peri, opera Genoveva, Scenes from Goethe's Faust,
incidental music to Byron's Manfred.